Hyperfocal focusing, crop-factor truth, ND-filter stops and the 500 rule — every photo formula, calculated free.
Near limit, far limit and total DoF for any lens, aperture, distance and sensor — with the hyperfocal connection and the background-blur truth.
Focus here and everything from half this distance to infinity is acceptably sharp — the landscape photographer's most useful number, per lens and sensor.
What your lens 'really is' on any sensor: equivalent focal length, equivalent aperture for DoF, and the light-gathering truth behind the equivalence wars.
ND8, ND64, ND1000 decoded: the exact long-exposure shutter time behind any filter strength — with a countdown-ready seconds output.
The longest exposure before stars streak — the 500 rule, the stricter NPF reality, and the declination fine print, per lens and sensor.
Horizontal, vertical and diagonal angles plus scene width at any distance — what the lens actually sees, for any focal length and sensor.
Change one side, rebalance another: aperture, shutter and ISO traded in exact stops, with the EV they all add up to.
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