Gibbs Free Energy: Will the Reaction Go?

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS decides spontaneity — see how temperature flips a reaction and links to the equilibrium constant K.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — combustion

Calculate ΔG for combustion from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — atp hydrolysis

Calculate ΔG for atp hydrolysis from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — protein folding

Calculate ΔG for protein folding from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — dna melting

Calculate ΔG for dna melting from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — ligand binding

Calculate ΔG for ligand binding from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) — enzyme catalysis

Calculate ΔG for enzyme catalysis from ΔH, ΔS and temperature. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS; negative ΔG means spontaneous.

Acetic Weak-Acid pH Calculator

Calculate the pH of a weak acid solution from its concentration and pKa, solving the equilibrium exactly (not just the √(Ka·C) shortcut).

Formic Weak-Acid pH Calculator

Calculate the pH of a weak acid solution from its concentration and pKa, solving the equilibrium exactly (not just the √(Ka·C) shortcut).

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